Space Regulatory Glossary Orbital Mechanics

delta-v

/ˈdɛltə viː/ noun

1. The change in velocity required to perform an orbital maneuver, measured in meters per second (m/s). Delta-v is the fundamental currency of spaceflight — every orbit change, rendezvous, and deorbit maneuver costs a specific amount of delta-v.
2. A satellite's total delta-v budget, determined by its propellant mass and engine efficiency (specific impulse), defines its operational lifetime and maneuver capabilities. Reaching LEO from Earth's surface requires approximately 9,400 m/s of delta-v.

Related terms

station-keeping The periodic use of onboard thrusters to maintain a satellite within its assigned orbital position, correcting for… deorbit The deliberate removal of a spacecraft from its operational orbit, typically through controlled reentry into Earth's… Hohmann transfer The most fuel-efficient orbital maneuver for transferring a spacecraft between two circular orbits in the same plane,…

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